Presentation of Financial Statements Cash Flow

Question: Examine about the Presentation of Financial Statements for Cash Flow. Answer: 1.The different essential proportions are determined for the year 2016 (Damodaran, 2008). Pace of profit for all out resources = (EBIT/Average Total Assets)*100 Normal Total Assets = (29935000 + 28045000)/2 = $ 28,990,000 Proportion for 2016 = (6270000+1560000)/28990000)*100 = 27% Pace of profit for common value = (Net benefit after assessments/Shareholders equity)*100 Proportion for 2016 = (4362000/14215000)*100 = 30.69% Overall revenue = (Net salary/Revenue)*100 Proportion for 2016 = (4362000/55000000)*100 = 7.93% Profit per share = (Net salary Dividends on inclination profits)/Total extraordinary offers Proportion for 2016 = (4362000-50000)/7200000) = 60 pennies Value income proportion = Price per share/Earnings per share Proportion for 2016 = 12/0.6 = 20 Profit yield = (Dividend per share/Price per share)*100 Profit paid per share = (2702000/7200000) = $ 0.375 Proportion for 2016 = (0.375/12)*100 = 3.125 Profit payout = (Dividends per share/Earnings per share)*100 Proportion for 2016 = (0.375/0.6)*100 = 62.5% Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Proportion for 2016 = (12745000/5780000) = 2.21:1 Brisk Ratio = (Current Assets stock)/Current Liabilities Proportion for 2016 = (12745000-7000000)/5780000) = 1:1 Receivables Turnover = Credit Sales/Average receivables Normal Receivables = (4100000 + 3675000)/2 = $ 3,887,500 Expecting all deals were credit deals, credit deals = $ 55,000,000 Proportion for 2016 = (55000000/3887500) = 14.15 days Stock Turnover = Cost of merchandise sold/Average stock Normal Inventory = (7000000+6930000)/2 = $ 6,965,000 Cost of merchandise sold = $ 35,100,000 Proportion for 2016 = (35100000/6965000) = 5.04 days Obligation Ratio = (Total Liabilities/Total Assets)*100 Proportion for 2016 = (15720000/29935000)*100 = 52.5% Times premium earned = EBIT/Interest Charges Proportion for 2016 = (6270000+1560000)/1560000 = 5.02 Resources Turnover = Sales/Total Assets Proportion for 2016 = (55000000/29935000) = 1.84 Benefit Concerning benefit, the organization is better than the business normal which is evident from the companys higher ROE (Return on value) and overall revenue. Be that as it may, the arrival on complete resources is lower than the comparing business normal which is credited to bring down resource turnover of the organization. Furthermore, prevalent benefit in a roundabout way is additionally reflected in the different market proportions whereby the organization has a better EPS as analyzed than the business average while add to moderately higher P/E (Parrino Kidwell, 2011, p.90). Liquidity With respect to liquidity, the organization is substandard compared to the business normal as the current resource and corrosive proportion for the organization are lesser than the business normal. Be that as it may, these proportions are marginally lower than the business normal and along these lines there are no worries with respect to transient liquidity starting at yet going ahead the organization ought to be obliging towards this angle. This is likewise affirmed from the higher occasions premium earned proportion for the organization when contrasted with the business normal (Petty et. al., 2015, p. 103-104). Money related Gearing It is evident that the obligation proportion for the organization is substandard when contrasted with the business normal. This is demonstrative of the way that the organization ought to be circumspect with respect to bringing more obligation up later on as the business hazard may increment and furthermore the obligation cost may increment. Be that as it may, at the present the obligation levels are not a matter of concern (Brigham Ehrhardt ,2013, p. 72). 2. So as to learn, regardless of whether the culinary expert can be found out as an advantage or not, it is basic to break down the meaning of benefit. An advantage might be characterized as any asset from which all things considered, future financial advantages would emerge and it could be constrained by the important substance. In the given case, the culinary expert would prompt future monetary advantages for the eatery through pulling in clients. Be that as it may, the culinary expert can't be controlled as the gourmet expert may leave the activity at any crossroads and the eatery can't compel him to proceed. Furthermore, the eatery on its own will can't move the culinary specialist to some other café or offer the gourmet expert to another café. Henceforth, while the gourmet specialist would bring future financial advantages yet at the same time it would not be named as a benefit. The cooks esteem likewise can't be learned since it isn't clear with respect to what extent the cul inary experts stay would be at the eatery (AASB, 2011). Models concerning need of budgetary data are demonstrated as follows. Supervisor of HR He/She would need to take choices concerning future work necessity and their precise range of abilities, the sort of preparing that must be conceded to people dependent on their profitability at the particular employment, recruiting people dependent on the specific creation and request design alongside guaranteeing that proper compensation bundles and motivations are planned remembering the condition of the organization and its exhibition (Damodaran, 2008). Processing plant supervisor: He/She would need to take choices with respect to add up to creation and the creation blend which would be founded on bookkeeping data, for example, past deals and future conjecture. Also, key choices would be required concerning keeping the expenses inside as far as possible and make endeavors to lessen the equivalent in order to boost the productivity edges. Plus, different overheads costs, for example, those brought about for guaranteeing word related wellbeing alongside representative security likewise should be thought of (Petty et. al., 2015, p.5-6). The board of an AFL club: The administration needs to take basic choice concerning the player determination and hidden expense alongside the expense of the instructing staff. Also, dynamic would should be finished concerning the instructing staff cost alongside the overhead expense related with preparing scene and gear (Parrino Kidwell, 2011, p.4-5). The administrator of a recycled garments noble cause: The chief would need to settle on choice with respect to the measure of recycled garments and hence the measure of assortment focuses and their individual area. Further, these would should be prepared further with the goal that they could be given to the needful and courses of action can be made so this recycled material can be gotten to and reasonably handled in an opportune way (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008, p. 35). C) The effect of the different exchanges on the budget summaries is examined underneath (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008, p. 732-734). There would be an expansion of a non-current resource for example hardware while a decline of a current resource for example money in a critical position sheet. Further, there would an abatement in the general income because of a surge by virtue of putting exercises in the income proclamation. There would an expansion in the current resource to be specific record receivable. Moreover, the pay would likewise build which would prompt increment in investors value as higher held profit. There would a decline in the current resource for example money which would be adjusted by a similar reduction in the risk since it has been paid. Further, in the income articulation there would be a reduction in the money which is well on the way to emerge from working exercises. With respect to the monetary record, there would be an expansion in the current resource for example money while there would likewise be an expansion in the value for example share capital. Additionally, there would be an expansion in the money inflow from financing exercises in the income articulation. Likewise, the value would increment in proclamation catching value change. With respect to the asset report, there would be an expansion in real money close by which would be adjusted by a decline in the measure of records receivable. Additionally, the money would increment from working exercises in the income proclamation. With respect to the accounting report, there is a diminishing in the current resource for example money and furthermore the value would diminish by virtue of lower held profit. The costs would increment and thus would prompt abatement in the salary. Therefore, there would be a diminishing in the money inflow emerging from working exercises of the income proclamation. With respect to the monetary record, there would an expansion in the current risk because of records payable which would be adjusted by a diminishing in the investors value. The cost would increment in the pay explanation and in value change proclamation, the value would diminish because of decrease in the pay. With respect to the monetary record, there would an expansion in the current resource for example money while the non-current resource would diminish because of offer of gear. Likewise, if the offer of hardware includes some benefit, the value would likewise increment. Further, in the event of benefit at a bargain, the pay would increment in the salary proclamation. Because of money inflow from contributing exercises, there would an expansion in real money in the income proclamation. Likewise, if there should be an occurrence of benefit, value should be expanded in value change articulation. With respect to the monetary record, there would be a reduction in the current resource for example money and furthermore proportionate lessening in the offer capital or value. Likewise, there would be expanded money surge by virtue of financing exercises which would diminish the money in the income articulation. Further, the value would be diminished in the value change articulation. Concerning the accounting report, there would be an expansion in the current resources for example money while the non-current obligation would increment as borrowings. Additionally, there would be expanded money inflow by virtue of financing exercises which would prompt increment in real money in the income articulation. References AASB 2011, Presentation of Financial Statements, AASB Website, Available online from https://www.aasb.gov.au/administrator/document/content105/c9/AASB101_09-07_COMPmay11_07-1

Essay on The Holy Bible - Comparing Identity in the Tower of Babel and

Character in the Tower of Babel and Creation Stories God perceives that individuals are not explicitly acceptable the second He makes them; for not at all like His different manifestations, He doesn't articulate them all things considered. Yet in addition not at all like His different manifestations, they are the main ones made like something different, similar to God, in His picture. On the off chance that they are really to exist and be acceptable, they should get discrete from God, as different manifestations are isolated and sorted. It makes some human move to get them out of the Garden of Eden- - explicitly, the lady and the man eating the natural product. Lamentably, they can't do everything all alone. They need some impedance from God, specifically the flood, to remove themselves further from Him and to isolate them exclusively, from one another. In spite of the fact that the individuals in the Babel story don't practice it well overall, the capacity to name, to characterize, to isolate, and to order appears to be a tremendous f orce, and even a benefit. To turn out to be completely human men must separate themselves from God. At the point when God sends the flood. He isolates Himself from them by placing the world into their hands, as though to state, There you go, you're grown up now, you deal with it. The endowment of the Earth ought to be God's last dynamic endeavor at partition; from that point on the people should attempt to isolate themselves from Him all alone. Be that as it may, similar to feathered creatures kicked out of the home who attempt to move back up the tree, they attempt to construct the pinnacle to paradise; and by and by, God must mediate by making considerably more noteworthy distinction. This time He confounds their dialects so they are not quite the same as God as well as not the same as one another. Both God and humans comprehend the colossal intensity of language and of naming. For instance, at one point . .... ...er He changes their dialects first, and they disperse themselves once they understand they can't comprehend each other. The previous translation is most likely progressively precise, however both show how separation, both physical and allegorical, makes contrast. What's more, for this situation it is a distinction that makes collaboration, and the pinnacle which would overcome any issues among earth and paradise, just as the hole among man and God, incomprehensible. Accordingly, by being unique in relation to one another, the dissipated individuals of Babel become considerably progressively not the same as God. In spite of the issues that emerge from contrast (in particular clash), it is vital for people to be unmistakable from each other on the grounds that they have to acquire personality, both as a race of creatures and as people, isolated and distinctive from God, yet from each other. Work Cited 1 The Holy Bible, Authorized (King James) Version.

Best Test Optional National Universities TKG

Best Test Optional National Universities By: Caroline KoppelmanAs we mentioned last week, many colleges are moving towards becoming test optional. Liberal arts schools are definitely leading this trend, but some top universities have hopped on board. Here is a list of the top test optional national universities.  Wake Forest University  Brandeis University  University of Texas - Austin  George Washington University  Worcester Polytechnic Institute  Texas AM University  American University  Clark University  University of Delaware  Duquesne University  Temple University  University of Arizona  DePaul University  The Catholic University of America  The New School  Arizona State University  Hofstra University  George Mason University  University of Mississippi  University of Texas - DallasWashington State University  Kansas State University  University of Massachusetts - Lowell  Virginia Commonwealth University  University of Nevada - Reno

Customer Relationship Management Essay - 4424 Words

Customer Relationship Management A relative of mine works for a corporate firm on CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software. He told me that their company is doing well with their CRM initiative while most of the other companies, using different software, are not achieving their goal of customer satisfaction. That gave me a big click of interest towards my research topic and I came up with a research questions as â€Å"How to avoid CRM failure?† and how to choose a best CRM software vendor? Customer Relationship Management is an interactive process for achieving the optimum balance between corporate investments and the satisfaction of customer needs to generate the maximum profit. CRM refers to management of all†¦show more content†¦Headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, the company consists of 4,600 associates, including 1,400 research analysts and consultants, in more than 80 locations worldwide. Bad economic times have forced companies into a major spending retrenchment, compelling them to put projects without immediate and obvious returns on investments on the back burner; and though many companies have begun implementing CRM solutions, they are still losing customers in droves, begging the question of whether CRM implementations were worthwhile in the first place. These factors have driven some CRM vendors out of business while others are fighting to consolidate, leading to a moderate instability in the CRM market. None of the CRM initiatives are meeting the customer needs thus causing CRM Failure. The basic management problem or dilemma for any organization is â€Å"How to avoid CRM Failure?† This raises research questions like â€Å"Which is the best software vendor to rely on?† and â€Å"What are the different issues concerned with failure in different software products?† Following are the problems faced by different corporate executives in the corporate world in implementing CRM and by going through these will give a decision making executive an idea of what every one is suggesting in the market. Current Market talk: What are the problems faced by others in the market? Mack Sorrells, president of the Mack W. Sorrells Company Inc., in Rock Wall, Texas, whichShow MoreRelatedCustomer Relationship Management Systems And Customer Relationships1128 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresentative of the business, and a customer. The customer has a problem or need and the salesperson seeks to address it. From the first line of communication, the salesperson assesses the situation and decides the best solution from their product or service line. Using intuition and skill, the representative leads the customer into buying the best product with hopes of turning a profit. Every exchange is important and will often determine if they customer will return to the business the next timeRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management1204 Words   |  5 PagesCRM Customer Relationship Management CRM is a Strategy Most people believe that CRM is just a system that will run their business without making any efforts which is totally wrong. The CRM is a strategy that is run by people to acquire, manage, select, grow and retain a strong relationship with the right customers with the best long-term profit potential. This cannot be done with a CRM system without a good strategy that puts the employees on the right track. The CRM System Read MoreCustomer Relationship Management : Definitions Of Customer Relationships966 Words   |  4 Pages2.1.1. Customer relationship management Definitions of customer relationship management Kumar and Reinartz (2012, p.4) defined CRM as a process companies analyse marketing database and leverage communication technologies to find practices and methods to maximise lifetime value of each customer to the firms. In this definition, the authors focus on customer value which is the economic value customers receive after they interact with the organisations. The most important part of a CRM strategy isRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management1220 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an important part of any companies sales mix. As part of a sales mix, companies must have a strong sales team; a well planned and executed marketing strategy, and a method to record pertinent information to manage customer relations. A CRM system is an important part in any company. They have a variety of uses from holding basic information such as names and address, to holding other information including relationship history, contract informationRead MoreCustomer Relationships Management2150 Words   |  9 PagesCustomer relationship management (CRM) is a business philosophy and set of strategies, programs, and systems that focuses on identifying and building loyalty with a retailer’s most valued customers (Levy, Weitz 275). A loyal customer is one who is committed to purchasing merchandise and services from a specific retailer, he or she resists the efforts of competitors, and also has an emotional attachment to a retailer. The fou r steps involved in the formation of a CRM program are collecting customerRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management4209 Words   |  17 PagesFACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) Abstract Majority of administrations have observed the customer relationship management (CRM) design as a hi-tech explanation for glitches in individual region, convoyed by a great deal of not coordinated enterprises. in any case, customer relationship management have to be conceptualized as a strategy, due to its technological, human, and processes implicationsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management16994 Words   |  68 PagesCustomer Relationship Management SYMBIOSIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (SIMS) Dissertation on Customer Relationship Management Submitted By: Ayush Singh Roll no:09 PRN No:68211 Class- 2(D) Semester: Fourth Semester Date required:18/2/2008 Date of Submission: 18/2/2008 Assignment Grade: Comments of the Faculty: 1 Customer Relationship Management CONCEPT OF CRM INTRODUCTION TO CRM CRM (Customer Relationship Management) has been growing steadilyRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management20711 Words   |  83 PagesThe impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 1 Chapter 1-Introduction The impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 2 1.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the dissertation in brief. Background of the study and rationale of the study are discussed in the first half. Then this chapter goes on to explain six research objectives and two research questions. Finally structure of Read MoreCustomer Relationship Management1754 Words   |  8 PagesCUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT †¢ MODULE CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT †¢ LECTURER DR GEOFF WINTER †¢ TOPIC CUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT. †¢ SUBMITED BY MUHAMMAD AMIR †¢ I.D. 39644 †¢ GROUP D TABLE OF CONTENT 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2. DEFINITION OF CUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT 3. QCI CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT MODEL 4. DISCUSSION 5. CONCLUSION 6. CITATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper discussRead MoreProjects: Customer Relationship Management and Customers10208 Words   |  41 Pagesâ€Å"EFFECTIVENESS OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN STATE BANK OF INDIA† Submitted In The Partial Fulfillment Of Degree Of MBA Batch 2006-08 SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:- Mrs. Riya Sharma Rishi Gupta (Project Guide) Roll no. 0471483906 [pic] MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY PSP AREA, SECTOR-22 ROHINI, DELHI—110085 Ph: 25489493- WHOM

Human Trafficking Of Thailand s Fishing Industry

Human Trafficking in Thailand’s Fishing Industry Twenty-seven million people have become victims of human trafficking across the world. This transnational crime generates 32 billion dollars annually by the human trafficking industry. Victims of this crime are traded for most commonly the purposes of sexual slavery, forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation, extraction of organ or tissues, or even forced marriage. This is a violation of human rights because of coercion and commercial exploitation (â€Å"Human Trafficking.† Wikipedia). 161 countries have been identified as affected by human trafficking according to the Polaris Project (â€Å"Human Trafficking Statistics†). Recently, Thailand, a source, destination, and transit country for men,†¦show more content†¦Unless the Thai government directs pressures upon the Thai Fishing industry and their secretive methodology of capturing and refraining victims, Thailand will see no results in the fight against human trafficking in the labor industry. Although t he Thai government has been showing progress and promises, the unregulated fishing industry allows for victims be more vulnerable to trafficking so it is crucial for the government to implement strict laws within the Thai fishing industry, Thai navy, and local police officials. The heavy reliance that boat owners have on brokers and the corrupt officials that partner up with the labor industry for profit are pulling down the anchor for results to take fruit. Learning from new investigations put into sale, Thailand has been repeatedly accused of slavery within their fishing industry with vast evidence of abuse and exploitation migrant fisherman (â€Å"Thailand ignoring slaves†). Thailand is the world’s largest prawn exporter in vast seafood and their export industry is estimated to be worth $7.3 billion. The Thai government estimates that up to 300,000 people work in its fishing industry, 90% of whom are migrants vulnerable to being tricked, trafficked and sold to the sea (â€Å"Revealed: Asian slave†). These salves are forced to work for no pay for years and are controlled through threats of extreme violence. A six-month investigation confirmed that large numbers of men are bought and sold

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1110 Words

Paying College Athletes The NCAA Football Bowl Championship Series (BCS) has finally arrived, and the National Championship awaits the semi-final winners. What also awaits, is about a 50 million dollar payout from the NCAA, to the winning university. This is just a very tiny portion of the amount of money the NCAA earns in revenue each year from 23 different sports and over 150 universities. On the other hand, the players competing for these titles will earn no money whatsoever. Is this Fair? At first glance some may think it is not. Sure, these athletes are the cows truly bringing in the cash, but there are many compelling reasons why the college athlete is not and should not be paid. The facts are that the money earned from the NCAA is redistributed to the universities each year for many beneficial reasons, college athletes already earn compensation for tuition and school expenses, and paying these athletes would be far too complex and unequal to all players, sports, and universiti es. College sports are big money makers, at least that’s what most people think, right? The truth is they are, but out of the 23 sports managed by the NCAA, the only college sports that really make money is Division I basketball and football. And out of these sports, the only ones who will earn money is the universities who make it to the playoffs and championships. In 2012, it is reported that the NCAA earned just over $870 million dollars. 96 percent of the money comes from media rights,Show MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes millions, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid fo r their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? 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The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different s ports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play

Subcultures in Organization free essay sample

Discuss whether an organization might be better considered as consisting of many sub-cultures which are conceptually different, rather than one major culture. * An introduction Culture, whether in some organization or society, is about people. People play a key role in culture. People create culture.And because people are individual units with different opinions, values, goals, attitudes, wants and needs but at the same time they interact with other people, they share all of these things with others on the base of the communication and they influence each other, so naturally it leads to exchange of their opinions, many confrontation and inflicts. But confrontation and conflicts do not always mean something wrong, it can bring improvement, progress, and change. And likewise, it goes the same in organizations. One person is equal to one opinion in some particular issue.And nobody can say this is a good or bad way or decision. For somebody it is obvious that some manner is the best and for another person it can mean something totally different. We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultures in Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More people, more opinions and more points of view. Sometimes it can make more difficulties and another time make things easier. That is why it is not easy and clear to say whether an organization might be better considered as consisting of many sub-cultures which are conceptually different, rather than one major culture. Because we have to take into account all of these things which I mentioned before.In this essay I try to assess all factors related to corporate culture and its sub- cultures and find out pros and cons of one major culture and sub-cultures in the organization. * A central part In the beginning lets have a look at two basic terms which are fundamental in this topic. These are corporate culture and sub-culture. Everybody knows what to imagine under these words. But everybody can imagine something else, each of us perceives corporate culture differently and this is the reason why there exist a lot of definitions of culture. Of course will not write down many definitions here but I would like to mention just one which on my opinion is the most apposite. According to Andrew Brown (1995, 1998) who stated the definition of organizational culture in his book Organizational Culture is the following: Organizational culture refers to the pattern of beliefs, values and learned ways of coping with experience that have developed during the course of an organizations history, and which tend to e manifested in its material arrangements and in the behaviors of its members. Simply said, organizational culture is everything what surrounds us at work. Organizational culture influences everything what it happens in a company, companys SUCCeSS and efficiency. When we are taking into account two companies with the same technological equipment, so theoretically they should be equally successful, but they are not. Why? The answer is different corporate culture. Corporate culture can support strategy and companys goals but on the other side it can mean for company obstacles in progress, higher cost and low competitiveness. Every organizational culture can contain many sub-cultures. And sub-culture in organization is the second very important term which want to mention. We can say that sub-culture is natural phenomenon within the company and a subgroup of a larger organizational culture with the unique values and beliefs. Subcultures are caused by a particular employees interests, different levels of management (e. G. Hand worker x manager) different functional areas (people have another scope of employment or solve totally different types of problems or With the same scope of employment but with insufficient cooperation e. Human resources x Informatics) or by large distance within the same organization. In many cases the presence of sub-cultures is desirable for company and positive but the culture in the company has to be dominant and people within the sub-cultures have to follow common goals and values. In other cases it is counter-productive and subcultures deny dominant culture and they can damage the whole company because subcultures can get in to the conflict and complicate integration and coordination within the organization.For dominant culture are typical definite communication within the company, Lear companys goal and values, desirable behavior, uniform attitudes and following quick decision making and planning and increasing motivation and team belonging. The majority of company believes in the core values of organization. But the strong cultures have to deal with some problems as less flexibility, sticking to the past experience; company is not too willing to accept change, isolation from the surrounding environment and information.On the other hand there exist weak co rporate cultures where there are really bad communication among members of company, variety of opinions and values and people do not follow companys core ideas. If the managers do not support meetings, cooperation a communication among employees, sharing information and experience, then people look for their own way how to communicate, solve the problems, make decisions and set up the priorities according to their own values, needs and wants. * A conclusion And back to the question what is betted? One company 1 culture or 1 company = many subcultures?Do we want one major culture where the well defined values and principles will be followed by almost all employees in the company? If course, we do. But what will be happening if these values and rainfalls are not so clearly defined and managers do not follow it? Or these values are considered as fundamental and unchangeable and company never wants to accept another new approach although things are changing with time. The company finds itself in crisis. And what about the other possibility? What about the presence of some subcultures in the company? The one strong culture and co-existed other subcultures?Subcultures which are different from each other, with different values, needs, behavior for example according to level of management or function but still identifying with the core values of dominant culture of the company. But what will be happening in the case that the cul ture is not so dominant? Then people in the subcultures will have totally different opinions, they will follow other values and the goal of the company will be different and company will have big difficulties to achieve their goals, satisfy their employees and also customers, the communication will be confused and a lot of conflicts will be occurred.So how to get to the ideal solution? As we know nothing is ideal but we can try to get to ideal solution as closer as possible. In case of one main culture and other subcultures on my opinion the organization should insist on clear and accurate definitions of its strategy, mission the fundamental purpose of the organization, what business the company is, vision where does company wish to go? , core values what are the desired behavior and characters, attitudes and etc. Also another really important thing is clear formulation of well-arranged conditions of work, e. G. Squired ways of behavior at work (dress code, manners), assessment, remuneration, education and trainings (mandatory or voluntary) Of employees. Company should inform their employees not only about changes but also about all things mentioned above as much as possible. Each a new employee should be familiarized with companys strategy, its values, mission, vision and so on. Company should also support communication among particular subcultures for example organizing regular meeting where they will make them acquainted with all news in each subculture, with changes, outcomes, future plans and all important things which happened.Another advice which I would recommend is to arrange demodulating activities and trips, comma my-wide actions (cultural, sport, charity) which converge employees together. And managers also take care of different opinions and values of his employees and appropriately titivated them. In case of the one dominant culture without any subcultures in the company would recommend to target the opened mind during a decision making and take into account and assess more alternative than one and for example the company can hire some external experts in a lot of tasks because they can bring a lot of new ideas into the company.Also an employee participation in many staff trainings, courses and seminars and their exchange of experience there can help to see things in a different light. Because nowadays the life is going really fast, things are change every day, genealogical progress and also peoples thinking as well that is why think that company should be open to all changes, new approaches and methods so on my opinion and with respect to present time the one strong culture with many subcultures is the most suitable for companies.And we have to take into account th at organizational culture is not important only for current employees of the company but also for new coming employees; sometimes people prefer atmosphere in the company to for example salary. And corporate culture gives current employees some confidence what direction he company will take and what they can expect. Because when we have a look at this fast going and changing world it is clear and understandable that people need security jobs and income and the right corporate culture can help to find it and also maintain it.